Mid-Depth Soil Collected for Lab Test on Phoenix Mars Lander

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Mid-Depth Soil Collected for Lab Test on Phoenix Mars Lander

Phoenix sampled soil midway between surface soil and ice at "Burn Alive 3." (NASA/JPL-Calech/University of Arizona/Texas A&M University)

(Click to enlarge) Soil from a sample called "Burning Coals" was delivered through the doors of cell No. 7 (left) of the Thermal and Evolved-Gas Analyzer on NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander on Wednesday during the 85th Martian day, or sol, since Phoenix landed. This image from Phoenix's Robotic Arm Camera shows some of the soil on the screen beneath the doors. One of the cell's two doors is fully open, the other partially open. This soil sample comes from an intermediate depth between the ground surface and the hard, underground icy layer at the Phoenix site. (NASA/JPL-Calech/University of Arizona/Texas A&M University)

Phoenix will bake soil sampled between surface and ice.

By University Communications
August 21, 2008

NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander has scooped up a soil sample from an intermediate depth between the ground surface and a subsurface icy layer and delivered it to a laboratory oven on the spacecraft.

The robotic arm on Phoenix collected the sample, dubbed "Burning Coals," from a trench named "Burn Alive 3." In part of the trench, the arm had dug down to the hard, icy layer about four centimeters (1.6 inches) below the ground surface. Next to that deeper part, it left a bench of material about one centimeter (0.4 inch) above the icy layer, and then collected about one-fourth to one-half a teaspoon of loose soil from that benchtop into the scoop.

Early Thursday, information from Phoenix confirmed to the mission's science and engineering team that the arm had delivered some of that sample through the doors and almost completely filled cell No. 7 of the lander's Thermal and Evolved-Gas Analyzer, known as TEGA.

TEGA won't begin heating an oven until it senses that oven is full. So the science team will command the oven door to close and the cell will begin heating the sample to a low temperature, 35 degrees Celsius, or 95 degrees Fahrenheit. TEGA scientists have successfully sent commands for an oven to close manually before, they noted.

The purpose of the low temperature heating is to look for ice in the sample. The next step is a middle temperature heating process, which heats the sample to 125 degrees Celsius, or 257 degrees Fahrenheit. This step assures that the sample is dry. The last heating occurs at 1,000 degrees Celsius, or 1,832 degrees Fahrenheit. The gases given off during these heating stages helps the science team to determine the specific properties of the Martian soil.

“We are expecting the sample to look similar to previous samples,” said William Boynton of The University of Arizona, lead scientist for TEGA. “One of the things we’ll be looking for now is an oxygen release indicative of perchlorate.”

Perchlorate was found in a sample delivered to Phoenix’s Microscopy, Electrochemistry, and Conductivity Analyzer , known as MECA. The MECA team saw the perchlorate signal in a sample taken from the "Dodo-Goldilocks" trench on June 25, or Sol 30, the 30th Martian day of the mission after landing, and again in another sample taken from the "Snow White" trench on July 6, or Sol 41. Seeing signs of perchlorate in TEGA would help confirm the previous results.

The new sample completes a three-level soil profile that also includes a surface material from a trench called "Rosy Red" and ice-layer material from Snow White.

"We want to know the structure and composition of the soil at the surface, at the ice and in-between to help answer questions about the movement of water – either as vapor or liquid – between the icy layer and the surface," said Ray Arvidson of Washington University in St. Louis, a leader of Phoenix science team activities.

The Phoenix mission is led by Peter Smith of the UA with project management at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and development partnership at Lockheed Martin, located in Denver. International contributions come from the Canadian Space Agency; the University of Neuchatel; the universities of Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark; Max Planck Institute, Germany; and the Finnish Meteorological Institute.